ACCA考試F1管理學術語英漢對照解釋匯總（一）

發表時間：2019-12-19 16:090 瀏覽
Foundations of Control：
  1、Control：控製
  The process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviations.
  是對各項活動的監視，從而保證各項行動按計劃進行並糾正各種顯著偏差的過程。
  2、Market control：市場控製
  An approach to control that emphasizes the use of external market mechanisms to establish the standards used in the control system.
  是一種強調使用外在市場機製，在係統中建立使用標準來達到控製的方法。
  3、Bureaucratic control：官僚控製
  An approach to control that emphasizes organizational authority and relies on administrative rules， regulations， procedures， and policies.
  是一種強調組織的權威，依靠管理規章、製度、過程及政策來實現控製係統的方法。
  4、Clan control：小集團控製
  An approach to control in which employee behavior is regulated by the shared values， norms， traditions， rituals， beliefs， and other aspects of the organization‘s culture.
  在小集團控製下，員工的行為靠共同的價值、規範、傳統、儀式、信念及其他組織文化方麵的東西來調節。
  5、Control process：控製過程
  A three-step process including measuring actual performance， comparing actual performance against a standard， and taking managerial action to correct deviations or inadequate standards.
  控製過程可以劃分為三個步驟：(1)衡量實際績效;(2)將實際績效與標準進行比較;(3)采取管理行為來糾正偏差或不足。
  6、Management by walking around (MBWA)：走動管理
  A team used to describe when a manager is out in the work area， interacting directly with employees， and exchanging information about what‘s going on.
  描述的是管理者到達工作現場，直接與員工交流，交換關於工作如何進展的信息。
  7、Range of variation：。 偏差範圍
  The acceptable parameters of variance between actual performance and the standard.
  是實際工作成績與標準之間可接受的偏差參數。
  8、Immediate corrective action：直接糾正行動
  Corrective action that corrects problems at once to get performance back on track.
  是指立即將出現問題的工作矯正到正確的軌道上;
  9、Basic corrective action：徹底糾正行動
  Corrective action that looks at how and why performance deviated and then proceeds to correct the source of deviation.
  則首先要弄清工作中的偏差是如何產生的，為什麽會產生，然後再從產生偏差的地方開始進行糾正行動。
  10、Feedforward control：前饋控製
  A type of control that focuses on preventing anticipated problems since it takes place in advance of the actual work activity.
  是發生在實際工作開始之前，能避免預期出現的問題的控製類型。
  11、Concurrent control：同期控製
  A type of control that takes place while a work activity is in progress.
  是發生在工作活動進行之中的控製類型。
  12、Feedback control：反饋控製
  A type of control that takes place after a work activity is done.
  是控製作用發生在行動之後的控製類型。
  13、Employee theft：員工偷竊
  Any unauthorized taking of company property by employees for their personal use.
  就是指任何未經允許將公司財產拿出作為員工個人使用的行為。
  14、Operations management：作業管理
  The design， operation， and control of the transformation process that converts resources into finished goods or services.
  是指將資源變成最終產品和服務的轉換過程中的設計、作業和控製。
  15、manufacturing organizations：製造型組織
  Organizations that produce physical goods.
  生產有形產品的組織形式。
  16、service organizations ：服務型組織
  Organizations that produce nonphysical outputs in the form of services.
  生產的是以服務形式出現的無形輸出的組織形式。
  17、productivity：生產率
  The overall output of goods or services produced divided by the inputs need to generate that output.
  產出的所有產品或服務除以得到這些產出所需的全部投入。
  18、value：價值
  The performance characteristics， features and attributes， and any other aspects of goods and services for which customers are willing to give up resources.
  價值是行為的特征、特性或屬性，以及顧客願意放棄資源來換取產品或服務的任何內容。
  19、value chain：價值鏈
  The entire series of organizations work activities that add value at each step beginning with the processing of raw materials and ending with finished product in the hands of end users.
  價值鏈就是從原材料加工到產成品的到達最終用戶手中的過程中，所有增加價值的步驟所組成的全部有組織的一係列活動。
  20、value chain management：價值連管理
  The process of managing the entire sequence of integrated activities and information about product flows along the entire value chain.
  管理關於在價值連上流動的產品的有序的相互關聯的活動和信息的全部過程。